Adam Spencer: Hi, I'm Adam Spencer and welcome to day one, the podcast that spotlights Australian startups, founders, and the organizations that empower Australian entrepreneurship. We go back to the beginning to tell the story of Australia's most inspiring founders and how they built their companies. You're listening to a special interview series as part of a documentary W2D1 is producing about the history of the Australian startup ecosystem.

Adam Spencer: On the episode today, we have.

Colette Grgic: Hello, I'm Colette Gurgic and I head up startups for AWS. So the AWS team has a long history of supporting startups in Australia and New Zealand. And right now my role is to lead a team that looks after The ecosystem in, in return. So we support early stage startups with programs like the activate program, which provides cloud credits, it provides mentoring, workshops, upskilling connections, and then the startups grow up and they're starting to scale.

Colette Grgic: We also do support them with some go to market and making connections with capital and with

Colette Grgic: customers.

Colette Grgic: Just out of

Adam Spencer: curiosity, is the Activate offering, in terms of AWS for startups, the kind of flagship, the main offering?

Colette Grgic: Yeah, Activate is the flagship program that most of the startups would know us for because it's been around for so long. But we do have a number of other programs, whether it's funding programs or growth programs, like we run forums for CTOs and other executives within startups that they can learn from each other.

Colette Grgic: We provide access to mentors in different markets. We've got programs that will help startups if they're trying to adopt like really advanced services. Like analytics and machine learning. We've got programs like Jumpstart that helps specialists. implement those services if they don't have all of the skills in house or if they just need a little bit of extra capacity to get it done.

Colette Grgic: So there's a number of programs across the board that we support startups with, but Activate is definitely the one that we're known best for.

Adam Spencer: I'm, I'm really excited to go back in time with you, with this interview because you, you mentioned this on one of the, in the, I think the, that Innovation Bay interview.

Adam Spencer: And it's something that I find really exciting about putting this documentary together, with a little bit of effort. It fits together, and as I mentioned before we hit record, I spoke to Kim Harris yesterday, and he talked a bit about Push Start, and you were the program director there for a little while as well, so it's just really interesting to see, yeah, overlap.

Colette Grgic: I think the longer that you spend in a space, the more you, I think you appreciate that it's not just when you meet people, it's not just the capacity that you meet them in. It's the purpose that you meet them with. And so there's many people over time that have, that they've changed roles. They've gone from being a founder to an investor or being an investor to a founder, or, you know, stepping into public space and trying to change the system from within, but all of those, it's like the cycle.

Colette Grgic: And it's this beautiful thing where you start seeing people Again and again in different ways, but they're there with that same passion and the purpose for supporting startups and helping to grow the ecosystem that creates more of those startups, because I think inherently they believe that's something worth doing.

Colette Grgic: And I think that's really the magical thing is when you see that over time. Yeah. Not just the reinvestment, but the connections. It's beautiful. Can

Adam Spencer: I ask why are you so passionate about it? Why do you do what you do?

Colette Grgic: I think for me. You know, I, I've had a really wonderful life, but when I think about the time when I accidentally fell into the startup space, it's like when you see the world in Technicolor for the first time, it's like everything was there and everything was great.

Colette Grgic: But then suddenly once you've seen it for all of the potential and all of the magic and all of the creativity and the opportunity that sits there, you can never unsee it. And I was just really fortunate to have fallen into this community where everybody was really open and welcoming and people were sharing and we were all learning together.

Colette Grgic: And if you didn't know something, you could ask and you could just feel the energy and the momentum. And that's something I'm just inherently attracted to. And because I think I received so much from people who shared their knowledge and their perspectives. insights and their guidance and advice with me, I feel just forever indebted back to the ecosystem itself, because I think how many more people can have that aha moment, how many more entrepreneurs could then suddenly go, maybe I can change the future.

Adam Spencer: I first become aware of you from your time at Blue Chile, but I've since learned that you've been involved long before then. Can you take us back to the very beginning?

Colette Grgic: I think probably the, the, uh, Origin of my journey into the startup ecosystem as a startup was, uh, I was traveling the world with my husband, realized that there was this problem with centralized travel that just precluded people from connecting.

Colette Grgic: You know, locals and travelers really connecting to each other. And we said, wouldn't it be great if there was a way that we could connect travelers and locals together to have some really unique experiences, because then they would really get the juicy bit of travel instead of just climbing up the mountain, climbing down the mountain and.

Colette Grgic: Drinking the beer. And we came back to Australia after about two years traveling and my husband started working on this idea. And I said, hang on a sec, but it's my idea. And he goes, you're not doing anything with it. And I was like, game on buddy. Don't you dare. And that's really how it started. And we started tinkering.

Colette Grgic: We, you know, we had no idea what we were doing. We, and Finko came in one day and he said, Oh babe, I just read a blog. And I think what we're doing is called a startup. And that was really the, the moment that I went, okay, what is the startup thing? And I went and looked at it and said, if you're a startup, then step one, you get a technical co founder.

Colette Grgic: Step two, you apply for accelerator. Step three, you get some funding. And then step four, you retired on an island. And I was like, sweet. I can follow instructions. And so that's really where it started. And first I look for co founders. I signed up on LinkedIn that day, found somebody that we had a lot of common interests with.

Colette Grgic: That we played ultimate Frisbee with and connected with him and said, technically you've got all the capabilities. So you're going to be our co founder. And I still don't know why Roger to this day had said yes, but there must have been something there because he joined us and he's just, he was absolutely phenomenal and really helped us to think through the logical steps of what would it take to start the startup.

Colette Grgic: And then we applied for an accelerator. There were only, I think only two are open for programs. It was the. I think the very first formal intake for Startmate. So they had run one program with a couple of companies before and then Startmate said that they've got this program open and we applied, almost got in, didn't because we had no idea what we were doing, truthfully.

Colette Grgic: And then there was another program after that push start. And so we applied for that as well, almost got in. didn't quite get in. I said, okay, screw it. I'll just come and help run the program while we do the startups. And that's really where we decided to pack up. We were living in Brisbane at the time. We, there was not much for support for us there to the same that what we saw in Sydney.

Colette Grgic: And we moved down to Sydney and started a startup and supported the push start program. And that was really how I met the majority of the people that I, You know, now I feel so indebted to.

Adam Spencer: So, what was it, 2011 or 2010?

Colette Grgic: Yeah, it would have been 2010 that we, that we applied. No, I think it was about 2011.

Adam Spencer: Can you recall how you discovered, what means you used to discover StartMate and PushStart?

Colette Grgic: Yeah, is

Adam Spencer: it just googling

Colette Grgic: it was I think it was just googling at the time There wasn't really a lot of competition if you search for Australian accelerators So I think we were just lucky with the timing because it was October when we realized what we had was a startup It was October when we realized And November we had to apply and December we came down and pitched.

Colette Grgic: And then January we came down for the push start pitch. And by then, because the pitches were held at Fishburners, which was still in Ultimo at the time, just like the top level of the Ultimo building, we kind of got to meet a couple of people there and then, Yeah, once we were in we were stuck

Adam Spencer: So it was a start mate pitch first.

Adam Spencer: Was it at fish burners?

Colette Grgic: No a start mate at atp So the start mate pitches were in the where cicada innovations is now so australian technology park So it was downstairs. There was like a big leather couch I think there were just a couple of people and I can't believe that i've ever met just sitting there and interviewing founders like the first You know the founding members of of fish burners We're just, they're actually having conversations as founders and technologists together with the aspiring CEOs and CTOs.

Colette Grgic: And it was just really wonderful. I think at the time, Nikki was still sending all the emails himself. So Nikki was still sending all those emails himself. And I actually found my husband found the email, the rejection letter that Nikki wrote us. And it was just really lovely. And he wrote back to him now, 10 years later going, I just want to say thank you, because that was really such an important moment for us to go out and You know, they didn't knock us back ruthlessly.

Colette Grgic: They just said, look, here's some feedback, build on it and grow on it and stay in touch and tell us how you go down the future. And for us, that was really what we needed. It wasn't a no, it was a keep going. And that keep going is what kept us going.

Adam Spencer: So you'd never. At that point it really had anything to do with pictures.

Adam Spencer: You'd never been there, never knew what it was.

Colette Grgic: Good grief, we used a Prezi presentation, like we were zooming from left to right on the screen and zooming in. We're like, oh, this vector thing is so cool. It was atrocious. I think somebody asked us. What's your CAC? And I was like, excuse me, did you just swear at me?

Colette Grgic: Your customer acquisition costs, we had no idea what that was. Somebody asked me, okay, this is sort of the, the business model. And, and you're taking top of the ticket, reverse engineer it. How many bookings do you need? And therefore how many. You know, how many hosts and how many travelers do you need and at a conversion rate of what do you need to then how many markets do you need to cover?

Colette Grgic: And I went, I have no idea what you just asked me. We're convinced this idea is going to work. So truthfully, we've come a long way.

Adam Spencer: Do you remember how you felt walking into that, into that room with all these, I suppose, other startups they're pitching?

Colette Grgic: So for the Startmate pitch, I didn't know what to expect.

Colette Grgic: We had no idea what to expect. So we got there. And first I thought it was really cool that it was such an open building and it wasn't stuffy at all. It wasn't like a very corporate space. It was like a very, I don't know, different space than what I've been used to. So that was my first interaction. And then everybody was just seated in this room.

Colette Grgic: So there were 20, I think 20, um, companies interviewing and there were about 20 or so mentors, maybe a little bit less. And we were just basically getting up and moving desk by desk, just going around, meeting all the mentors. And so my first thought, I don't think I really had a lot of capacity for things.

Colette Grgic: I was just like, I hope they don't ask me X, Y, Z. And of course they asked me X, Y, Z. But yeah, so I, I had no expectations. And I think that was part of the beauty is we, we didn't come in with preconceived ideas. We didn't know what to expect. So we just, Rolled with it and we were a bit like sponges everybody gave us some feedback and advice We went that sounds really sensible and I think we should go work on it in this way

Adam Spencer: What happened next so you rejected from this mate?

Adam Spencer: How did I how are you feeling and what was that conversation like and who was it with to kind of go and join push Start then as the program director

Colette Grgic: Yeah. So I think at the time we had already committed, so we were going to do this. And I think when we got rejected from Startmate, we just went, look, we kind of realized where the baseline was and we realized that we're not quite there yet.

Colette Grgic: And we just went, okay, well, that's where we got to get to, if that's where the baseline sits. And this is the type of questions we need to answer. We just started looking for all those answers. And then we followed up with the mentors who interviewed us and we said, Hey, you've got some feedback around this.

Colette Grgic: Can you tell me more? How do we solve for this? So we just, Reached out to everybody that we had met and said, you sound like you know how to do this. So please tell us. And then we, at the same time I saw Kim Harris had put out a role for a program. I think it was a program manager or a program coordinator, wasn't a director even.

Colette Grgic: So it

Colette Grgic: was, it was just that he needed somebody to actually come and help him run the program. Because he, It's more work than I think people realize to actually run an accelerator. And I've done some program management in the past and I went, this is easy. I can do this with my eyes closed while I'm doing my startup.

Colette Grgic: And this gives us a good reason to also be in Sydney. So we basically moved to Sydney within a few weeks and got set up here. And I, I started working with Kim on that program. And through that, I really got to understand what adds value to a startup. Really? So, you know, who are the mentors? So what do they need?

Colette Grgic: They need a little bit of capital at the start. They need a little, quite a lot of mentoring and guidance and advice, but really what they need is somebody to hold them accountable and give them kind of that clarity of the North Star. It's like the more people that you have conversations with, you end up triangulating their advice.

Colette Grgic: Because if you follow everybody's advice, you'll go around in a circle, but the real skill that I think founders are learning when they're in an accelerator is how do you triangulate that advice and then set your North Star. How do you then use those mentors around you to broaden your understanding of a topic, whether it's customer acquisition or whether it's something deep in your space, like a subject matter expert who can help you really understand payments, for example.

Colette Grgic: And then how do you use the process on that week by week check in to really help build your accountability muscle? Because that's one of those key things that sets startups aside. It's like, you might be doing the wrong thing, but the faster that you learn how to do something, set the objective, execute it, learn from it, so that little cycle of learning.

Colette Grgic: So set the objective, execute, debrief, learn, then set the next one. Execute, debrief, learn. The faster you'll actually get to success, because at the start, if you're actually doing a startup, you really don't know what success really looks like. You have a hypothesis, but you have to actually go through that execution to learn whether your hypothesis is true or not.

Colette Grgic: And the faster that you can do that, the faster you get to success.

Adam Spencer: So 2012, I think we're at push start. You're a little bit settled now in Sydney. You're working at push start. Can you give me a bit of a snapshot of what it looked like?

Colette Grgic: I mean, so fish burners at the time, was predominantly, so there was the Cicada, which was called, what was it called before?

Colette Grgic: ATP, ATP innovations. Yeah. So where Cicada is now. So it was that it was fish burners, which was at that point in Ultimo on Harris street. And later it was all four levels of the building, but at the time it was the very top floor. So you had to hike up stairs all the way to the top and then you'd walk in and there were some desks but not quite and I think when we started working out of fish burners there might have been a hundred people there were a hundred of us there were not a lot of women I don't know why I didn't realize that at the time I just actually didn't notice it but yeah they were just There were a whole bunch of us working upstairs and on desks.

Colette Grgic: It was very unglamorous. I think later when we got some, um, sponsorship, we painted the walls and the ceilings, put some, you know, motivational quotes on the walls, got some more desks, putting up an event space downstairs. But it was very, it just felt like you were actually starting to build something. It felt like that really early stage of, of creation where there were a few like minded people who were all there together.

Colette Grgic: I think it was Mike Casey was, One of the directors for Fishburners that helped set it up, I think. Pete Davidson, Peter Brad was manning the reception at the time while working on his startup. And it just seemed like one of those roll up your sleeves, like you get it done. Everybody does what needed to be done because we're all in it together.

Colette Grgic: And I've never felt that sense of community before, even though it was so small and nascent, but it was just wonderful to be able to be there and, and to. Help build it up.

Adam Spencer: What was so important and still is so important about co-working spaces.

Colette Grgic: I think what makes co-working spaces and any sort of a hub so important for growing ecosystems is that it's the density of people that accelerates the learning.

Colette Grgic: Right. So you're there with your peers. And even though you're all working on different businesses, you're all learning together and there's similar challenges you have to overcome. But what makes, I think you can have any sort of a hub, a university could be a hub or an office could be a hub. But when you have, I think what makes the startup space so uniquely interesting is the openness.

Colette Grgic: for people to ask for help and to say, Hey, I don't know how to do this. I think we've all accepted when you're doing something new for the first time. And I think when you're there, you're doing something new for the first time. So there are some building blocks that are already built and you don't have to reinvent every wheel, but everybody knows that they don't really know what they're doing.

Colette Grgic: So you have to ask. And if you don't ask, you won't make it. So I think that's what makes it so special. For startup co working spaces where you have that like minded community, you're all there, you're all agreeing that you have a lot to learn and it's just about who's going to learn fastest. And then you're all sharing and that's really the objective is learn as fast as you can.

Adam Spencer: What happened next? What prompted the move to Blue Chile?

Colette Grgic: I might answer it in a different way and kind of talk a bit about what happened in the ecosystem first because that might give some more color to this. But I think what we saw in, especially like in the early 2000s, and then especially in that time, That I just happened to step into this, which was around that 2010 in Australia is there were a couple of things that happened, right?

Colette Grgic: There was this Cambrian explosion of startups after that. And I think startmate was a very important catalyst for that because it was bringing a model that was just starting to get proven out and getting traction in the U S the accelerator model where VCs that had traditionally had to write 10 million checks as the first check for a startup to get started.

Colette Grgic: Was able to, you know, go a little bit. Earlier up the funnel and have other people assume that risk at the start for a lower amount of capital. So I think the capital is a really important part for what drove a lot of the explosion here. But the second thing I think really that we can point to also sits with the cloud.

Colette Grgic: I do think that the ability for a startup to get started for 5, 000 or 10, 000 was a game changer. And that really was, when I think back now from where I'm looking at it from an AWS perspective, at least, I look back at that growth and the establishment of AWS in the startup space and I go, suddenly, startups that would have to have set up their own servers and they have to have a network engineer and have to understand how do you, you know, deal with infrastructure, Didn't have to do that anymore.

Colette Grgic: And we saw this massive boom of startups that were cloud first, SaaS enabled, being able to deploy at a lower cost, I think really spurred startups to set into that space because it opened the aperture a little bit. And when you couple that with venture capital, because in 2012, what happened is Blackbird raised their first fund, and it took 22 months for them to do that.

Colette Grgic: But in January of 2012, we had our first, Cloud first. I would call it like U. S. similar type of a venture fund that when we are investing in tech startups, and that's been a long time for Australia coming, you know, and that was really quickly followed. So Square peg also launched in 2012. And then we had Rampersand in 13 and then in 14, Atlassian.

Colette Grgic: Um, hit their 3 billion. And then we had Airtree and Reinventure came in 2014. And then we had that whole innovation economy with Malcolm Turnbull and that whole innovation agenda. And then suddenly it was a game changer. And I don't think that people realize when you look back at 10 years, we take a lot of the things that we have now for granted.

Colette Grgic: Like we look at VCs and we go, Oh, of course we have VCs. Have you realized that we're not even 10 years old? Like our VCs are not even 10 years old. Like just let that sink in. I think we've come such a long way in a very short span of time, but we've done it with an amazing group of people that got us to where we are today.

Colette Grgic: And when I look at what we've built out in the ecosystem now, I'm actually really proud and a lot of people will stand back and go, Oh, it's not America or it's not Tel Aviv, and you go, actually, it's amazing what we've done in 10 years.

Adam Spencer: Yes, we have come a long way. We've done a lot of great stuff, but what do we need to do to get to the next stage?

Colette Grgic: Look, I think there's two things that I care very deeply about that I'm in as much capacity as I can baking into the ecosystem. The first one is how are we building an inclusive ecosystem? And it's not for the feel goods. It's because we have some very big problems in the world that we need to solve.

Colette Grgic: And if we keep solving them in the way that we've always solved them with the same type of Perspectives that we've always solved them. We're not really going to solve anything new, both in terms of like, when you open that aperture and you go, who else could really help us solve problems? And where are we not looking for solutions?

Colette Grgic: Where are we not looking for problems? And where are we not looking for solutions? Then I think it gives us this ability to really step back and say, when startups are Best place to solve that solution. What is that perspective that we have in the startup ecosystem? How broad is that? Really? Are we all coming up problems with the same perspectives in the same worldviews?

Colette Grgic: And I think there's a massive opportunity for us, not just within gender, but within the ecosystem. Many different backgrounds to start building up more diversity in our ecosystem. And we can only do that when we take an inclusive approach. When we go, everybody is actually welcome here and everybody with their different skillsets have something to add.

Colette Grgic: From that perspective, I think the thing that we could still do better, even though, you know, 2012, we were 4 percent female founded and I think 2017, I think it was something like 15 percent and now we're at that sort of 24, 20, almost 25 percent female. Co founded at least and I think we have come a long way, but obviously there's still some way to go before we get to parody And then the second thing that I care deeply about is climate change You know, I think we're beyond the point where we actually have an option for caring about it or an option for opting in To solve it.

Colette Grgic: It's gonna You know, it's it's something that is affecting us all. That is going to affect us all continuously and at a much higher degree. What kind of excites me though is that same Cambrian explosion that we saw that was driven by VC and cloud. I think we're going to see the same thing with climate.

Colette Grgic: We're already starting to see it. ESG mandates in these big You know, funds that are investing into VC are specifying environmental and sustainability and social outcomes on governmental outcomes, right? So there's already almost like this baked in mandate now going into VCs as to where they should be investing and where they shouldn't be investing.

Colette Grgic: And then you're getting that's getting met with this groundswell of entrepreneurs who are actually deeply caring about solving this problem. This is where I want to spend my life's work. So you've got venture capital that's sitting there waiting to be deployed. And then you've got founders who are coming up problems trying to solve these problems.

Colette Grgic: And then you've got technologies that are actually helping to accelerate that now. And I think within that climate space especially, I think things like Data analytics and machine learning and to some extent maybe in the future some AI really speeds up our innovation and our, you know, route to market.

Colette Grgic: And I, there's never a time when that's been more important than now to actually have that speed. So I think we're going to see the same two things that affected that first explosion. We're going to see the same thing in the climate

Colette Grgic: space.

Colette Grgic: So

Adam Spencer: jumping back on the timeline. Going back to joining BlueChili, because I think we have a mutual connection. I'm sure we have a few mutual connections, but Alan Jones, I think you said he made the introduction there for BlueChili. I think he was working there at the time, maybe as well.

Colette Grgic: So once we shut the startup down.

Colette Grgic: Alan reached out and said, Hey, I've got this opportunity where, you know, he had a digital agency at the time they were doing some innovation work within smart salary, which is now the smart group. And they were trying to launch a startup within a corporate cause it was a very, I think, forward looking innovative CEO there who had set a mandate for continuously disrupting his own business.

Colette Grgic: So he was trying to build the startup inside the corporate. And Alan said, can you come in and actually help them do this? Because. You've got the skills as a founder to understand what it's actually going to take without turning this thing into corporate, you know, business. And so Alan actually referred me into there.

Colette Grgic: And then while I was there, the new agency got acquired by Blue Chili. And, you know, when I think a little bit when I left the auto genie startup inside the corporate, Alan said, do I want to come and work with him? And I said, look, You're on the Northern beaches and I'm on the Eastern beaches and I'm not doing the two hour commute every day.

Colette Grgic: And he goes, okay, fine. If you're not going to join me, then you should go work at Blue Chili. And then I think it was about a month later where it was formalized and then we were actually working together in the end anyways. But yeah, Alan is really such a catalyst for, I think I have a real appreciation and admiration for the way that Alan has.

Colette Grgic: Connections and connected people to opportunities. And it's not opportunities that always benefit him, but it's things that he can see will benefit the overall ecosystem. So I think he's done that almost like quietly. There's a bit of mastermind engineering that's happening over there that we should poke into.

Adam Spencer: So, it's really interesting to me that you're back in 2010, 2011 when it was getting rejected. I should stop using that word. Yeah. From Startmate. And now, fast forward a decade or so, you're, you're, I think, I'm a mentor in Startmate. Startmate mentor. Yes. Yes. How did that happen?

Colette Grgic: I just think, look, at the time, I've never come across an accelerator model before, but I'm very much a program thinker.

Colette Grgic: So I think as programs, and for me, it made complete sense why this would be something that could add value. I could see in the push start program, the value that we added during the push start program to the, the, uh, 10 founders or the 10 startups that came through that program and just that halo effect and the flow on effect because it's not always apparent at the start, right?

Colette Grgic: So you've got people that are going through a program at the start and you go, maybe they're successful with this startup, maybe not, but then fast forward down, you know, five years. They make this comeback. And that's when they really hit it. But all of that value and benefit and goodwill, if you like, and that generosity, then back into the ecosystem still stays attached to some of those programs that they've come through.

Colette Grgic: So when I joined Blue Chile, for me, it was, it was meant to be a, Six months I was going to cover for Catherine Ibener who was on maternity leave and six months came and went and I went, I really liked building up programs of work. And so I sat down, I went, well, this could be better. This could be better.

Colette Grgic: We can fix it like this. We can make this better. And I started building up more of a program and helping founders to think step by step. You can have a go to market strategy. If you haven't already thought about what your key messaging is, you can, you know, have. Customers that you're having conversations with, if you haven't given any thought at all as to what are you actually offering them or what your value prop is.

Colette Grgic: So there's, I just started building out this like logical flow of, you know, work that they had to get done in time. And then in, in doing that, I realized that one of those critical steps is having customers. And at the time, literally was very much focused on building a lot of the tech solution. So, you know, we'd had to agree to scope beforehand and this is the project.

Colette Grgic: And this is what we're actually like scoping out and building, which didn't leave a lot of room for that iteration without necessarily adding a lot of cost to it. So I started thinking about ways that we can bring customers into the conversation. Startups had that opportunity to do that customer development before they were committing to building a lot of things.

Colette Grgic: And that's really where we started working with, um, big companies. Companies like Westpac who were doing innovation, we're looking for, you know, new innovations and solutions for their customers, but also recognize that they couldn't necessarily move at the speed of that a startup could. And we started bringing them together through these, you know, innovation programs where We spent a lot of time with very senior executives within Westpac understanding what were some of the challenges that they were trying to solve and then I would translate that into startup speak and go startups.

Colette Grgic: These are some opportunities that you could be looking at solving and then. I sat as that translator in the middle between the corporate that had a very precise idea of what they thought they wanted and a startup that was very willing to be adaptable and had to translate between those two and then bring them together in that program so that you could actually bring a customer into the start of the conversation and really solve for a particular use case.

Colette Grgic: And what we saw was that really drove the startups in into a commercialization track a lot faster than if they were just building and then hoping that somebody would buy it down the track.

Adam Spencer: This could be a good segue into your current role now, because I think that's something that you're really trying to achieve is bridging that gap between startups and corporates.

Adam Spencer: Something that you really want to see happen. Am I right?

Colette Grgic: Ultimately, you can have all the capital in the world and you can have all the talent in the world and you can have all the best ideas, but you need a customer. That is one thing I've gotten deep appreciation with at Amazon is it, it always starts with the customer.

Colette Grgic: And if you can't work backwards from the customer and what their problem is and what you're trying to solve for them, then you have nowhere to go. So Amazon has a massive network all over the world. It's really rich. And vibrant, the number of companies and industries and stages of companies that Amazon gets to work with and through and alongside.

Colette Grgic: And what I'm thinking about very intentionally is what are the types of programs that we're shaping to make that access accessible? And to make that connection between startups and those companies that are actually looking for innovative solutions that they can, you know, buy off the shelf from a startup.

Colette Grgic: How are we accelerating that? Because if we could do that, then we can solve problems on both ends. And that's the best type of outcome that we're looking for.

Adam Spencer: What do you think this ecosystem is doing really well? What do you think sets us apart? Maybe from other ecosystems, if anything.

Colette Grgic: Do you know what I think sets us apart?

Colette Grgic: We do actually have a very distinct culture within Australia. And I think it was because we were lucky that at that inflection point, when we got to build the ecosystem, we don't have a 20 year or 50 year legacy that we're dragging. You know, if you think back over the 10 years where that really was a catalyst point, that was also a point of awakening in the world around a lot of social issues.

Colette Grgic: So both those two things that I mentioned earlier around climate and inclusion, those were things that started becoming front and center stage around 2012 So right around that inflection point for us. And I think because There were these big issues globally that were being discussed that kind of started to get baked into our culture here And I think we got to be a lot more intentional and not just adopt what we saw happening overseas But to actually be intentional and build that culture ourselves And I so I do think as intangible as that is I do think the culture is something that sets us apart

Adam Spencer: Do you have an unpopular opinion?

Adam Spencer: About the ecosystem, just something that you firmly believe, either good or bad, that other people just can't get on or won't get on the same page as you're about.

Colette Grgic: Look, I think with every, let's just call it with every initiative, right? There's the first believers, and then there are the fast followers, and I think within that fast follower group, sometimes you have people that are well meaning and very enthusiastic.

Colette Grgic: And I think we've got this notion within Amazon around keeping a really high bar on things. And I do think it is important for us to keep a high bar because when it comes to something as important as building the future, the founders that we're shaping and the beliefs that we're setting within them for how they can create the future, I think we need to have a really high bar for what that is.

Colette Grgic: Whether that is with how aspirational we are, with how high we shoot, with how critical we are of ourselves. I just think that it's good to have both sides of the story where we're not all just buying into the hype and going, aren't we such a great ecosystem? So I think it is. Yeah, I think it is necessary for us to have some critical poking around at some points and going, are we actually creating good startups or are we just blowing smoke up our ass?

Adam Spencer: Okay, I want to ask you the advice question. I ask everybody this question. Either what advice would you give 2010, Colette, going into that startup? Or, what advice would you give a brand new founder that came to you tomorrow? I

Colette Grgic: think the thing that still holds true is the advice that never fails is You have to start with the customer and you have to stay close to the customer.

Colette Grgic: Whatever layer you put between you and the customer is going to be the hurdle that you fall over. So that's really, if you're doing a startup, what I would give on a more personal level, I would say, look for new perspectives, always trying, you know, disprove your beliefs. Because if you're trying to do that, then you're actually looking for new information and whatever outcome you have at the end, whatever belief you or insight you have at the end will be stronger if you're constantly looking to disprove just your top soil layer of what you think an answer is or what something actually is.

Adam Spencer: Before I ask the final question that I ask everybody, is there anything that we've skipped over that is an important part of the history of the Australian Startup Ecosystem?

Colette Grgic: I mentioned it a little bit earlier, but I do think that that 2016, when we saw Malcolm Turnbull take a stand nationally for innovation, and that was a point when we saw a lot of infrastructure get put in place, but is really now still continuing to support the ecosystem and I think that was a really important point that for us in startup world, we don't always pay much attention to what's happening in policy or politics.

Colette Grgic: I think quite a bit of that has, you know, changed and I'm certainly excited to see what the Tech Council Australia, how they end up helping to shape the ecosystem and the playing field going forward. But I really do think that that was an important part because that was when we got the national um, Innovation and science agenda that was roughly around the same time that we saw changes to ESV CLP Policies and and legislation that that made it possible for more people to start smaller funds and I think That really supported a lot of founders that probably wouldn't have thought of Received, you know, backing of big funds at the time or, you know, I just think it grew exponentially than the amount of investors and the amount of, you know, founders and the amount of infrastructure that we have.

Colette Grgic: And I think that was a really important time. And I don't think we often credit that enough.

Adam Spencer: Last question. Keeping in mind that I'm trying to make a documentary here that will, as holistically as possible and as honestly as possible, tell the history of the Australian startup ecosystem. I want people from all corners of the ecosystem to listen to this story.

Adam Spencer: Founders, investors, academics, policy makers. What do they need to hear? Any one of those categories or, or everybody, what do they need to hear from you?

Colette Grgic: I think that we need to stop solving small problems. There are so many giant, big, catastrophic problems that we need to solve in the world, whether it's in health or in climate or, you know, in equality and the repercussions of the second order Problems that if we don't solve those first order problems or in education, for example, and I think we need to stop playing small the time for yet another photo app as delightful as they are for wasting time on.

Colette Grgic: I think we need to challenge ourselves to really step up and it, it takes courage. It takes courage for somebody to go, yes, I'm going to tackle this big problem because the stakes are so high, but that doesn't mean that we get a pass for not trying. And I think that's something that there's this ember burning inside founders.

Colette Grgic: Where they know they have to and they know they can and then it's just about shutting out the rest of the world that tell them that they can't and just go for it. Let's tackle some big problems and let's make some big changes and let's set

Colette Grgic: ourselves up for the world that we want to live in.

Adam Spencer: I hope you enjoyed that interview. More interviews are on the way. Follow the podcast wherever you're listening right now. Stay tuned for more interviews with many, many more amazing people from the Australian startup ecosystem. Thanks for listening and see you next time.